Abstract
Catchment modelling has undergone tremendous developments during
the past decades. In the 1970s, the focus was on simulation of
catchment runoff with process descriptions and data inputs being
lumped to the catchment scale. Later developments included
spatially distributed models allowing data inputs and
hydrological processes to be simulated at model grid scale, i.e.
much finer than catchment scale. These models were able to
explicitly simulate various processes such as soil moisture,
evapotranspiration, groundwater and surface runoff. With the
advancements in remote sensing technology and availability of
high-resolution data, increased attention has in recent years
been given to enhancing the capability of catchment models to
reproduce spatial patterns and in this way improve our
understanding of hydrological processes and the physical realism
of catchment models. This development process has involved a wide
spectrum of different aspects in the modelling process, reaching
from an improved understanding of uncertainties in data, model
parameters and model structures to new protocols for good
modelling practices in water management. Recognizing the
important role of biodiversity and social aspects, hydrologists
are now extending the scope of their models to capture the
interactions between water, biota and human social systems.
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